To place, flows, and interactions which GIS is good at dealing with them. The mixture of GIS and Transportation known as GIS-T [50,57] holds some added benefits in facing the problems like transportation arranging [58,59], design and style [60], maintenance [61], and decision-making [62,63]. In Reference [57], GIS-T is discussed in three stages namely the map view, the navigational view, and also the behavioral view. The map view stage relates to inventory and description of transportation systems. The second stage, the navigational view, focuses on connectivity and planarity also to storing time-dependent attributes. Ultimately, Methyl jasmonate site coping with transportation-related events as dynamic ones are proposed inside the behavioral stage. So as to tackle the future challenges of transportation systems, the mixture of WebGIS/cloud computing/big data is recommended in [50]. In addition, IoT by delivering cost-effective sensors collectively with all the proliferation of online infrastructure might be helpful in GIS-T. Reference [64] SBP-3264 manufacturer proposes an IoT-based ITS constructed by 3 components namely the sensor technique, monitoring technique, along with the display technique. Reference [65] proposes a approach by correlating Worldwide Positioning System (GPS) information and regional GIS data to face the challenges of latency and limitations of bandwidth when transmitting the location of cars in Intelligent Transportation Systems. As GIS and IoT integration examples, in [66], utilizing GIS, Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID), and cloud computing technologies, a parking navigation program is presented which facilitates acquiring parking lots for users close to their destinations. Right after processing the gathered information which is converted into GIS-supported formats, customers is often informed by means of their smart mobile devices irrespective of whether there’s an empty parking lot in the parking and if so, the method will display GIS pictures of empty parking lots along with the navigation to them. An emergency management technique is proposed in [67] to be able to manage public road transport networks that useAppl. Sci. 2021, 11,five ofIoT as a signifies of observing traffics and road infrastructures. Within this research, GIS is also exploited to boost situational awareness and perform some emergency operations. three.3. Disaster Management The tendency of cities toward modernization particularly these exploiting technologies results in a more crowded environment [68]. Urbanization leads to structures constructed on the majority of the empty lots which lead to low-efficiency rescue plans [69]. As a result, broadly speaking, disaster management is often viewed as as on the list of main concerns of all societies. Frequently, disaster management could be viewed as into 3 phases, namely; Preparedness, Response, and Recovery [70]. A beginning phase named mitigation can also be talked about in [71] for disaster management phases. Together with the development of technologies, new methods could possibly be proposed to enhance disaster management. Reference [71] explores the application of IoT and other technologies naming RFID, GPS, GIS, and Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) in disaster management approaches. Within this analysis, studies are analyzed in accordance with the technologies and tools they utilized and their research supporting phase in disaster management. According to Reference [71], RFID, a precious technology, has been applied in disaster management research probably the most. Also, GIS, being made use of almost by 60 , may be viewed as almost as an inextricable a part of disaster management where Reference [72].