The strict adherence to protocols for rats already authorized by the
The strict adherence to protocols for rats currently approved by the ethical committee. Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable. Information Availability Statement: The information presented within this study are offered in the Sulfaphenazole Data Sheet authors on affordable request. Acknowledgments: Taif University, Saudi Arabia, is highly acknowledged for funding this analysis through Taif University Researchers Supporting Project Number TURSP-2020/267. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Sample Availability: Samples with the compounds (-mangostin nanosponges) are offered in the authors.
moleculesArticleSobetirome supplier polyamines Upregulate Cephalosporin C Production and Expression of -Lactam Biosynthetic Genes in High-Yielding Acremonium chrysogenum StrainAlexander A. Zhgun and Mikhail A. Eldarov ,Group of Fungal Genetic Engineering, Federal Investigation Center “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” on the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia Correspondence: [email protected] (A.A.Z.); [email protected] (M.A.E.); Tel.: +7-916-9749769 (A.A.Z.) Deceased.Citation: Zhgun, A.A.; Eldarov, M.A. Polyamines Upregulate Cephalosporin C Production and Expression of -Lactam Biosynthetic Genes in High-Yielding Acremonium chrysogenum Strain. Molecules 2021, 26, 6636. https://doi.org/10.3390/ molecules26216636 Academic Editors: Jean-Marc Sabatier and Soumaya Kouidhi Received: 15 October 2021 Accepted: 30 October 2021 Published: two NovemberAbstract: The high-yielding production of pharmaceutically significant secondary metabolites in filamentous fungi is obtained by random mutagenesis; such adjustments may well be related with shifts within the metabolism of polyamines. We have previously shown that, in the Acremonium chrysogenum cephalosporin C high-yielding strain (HY), the content of endogenous polyamines enhanced by fourto five-fold. Other studies have shown that the addition of exogenous polyamines can raise the production of target secondary metabolites in extremely active fungal producers, in distinct, raise the biosynthesis of -lactams inside the Penicillium chrysogenum Wis 54255 strain, an enhanced producer of penicillin G. Within the existing study, we demonstrate that the introduction of exogenous polyamines, which include spermidine or 1,3-diaminopropane, to A. chrysogenum wild-type (WT) and HY strains, leads to an increase in colony germination and morphological changes in a total agar medium. The addition of 5 mM polyamines through fermentation increases the production of cephalosporin C inside the A. chrysogenum HY strain by 150 and upregulates genes belonging to the beta-lactam biosynthetic cluster. The data obtained indicate the intersection in the metabolisms of polyamines and beta-lactams within a. chrysogenum and are critical for the construction of improved producers of secondary metabolites in filamentous fungi. Keywords: polyamines; filamentous fungi; biosynthesis of secondary metabolites; Acremonium chrysogenum; cephalosporin C1. Introduction Filamentous fungi (also called molds or moldy fungi) are taxonomically diverse organisms from phylum Ascomycota and Zygomycota with filamentous hyphae as well as the capability to create airborne spores or conidia. Improved strains of filamentous fungi are among the most vital sources for producing pharmaceutically important secondary metabolites (SMs), for example antibiotics, statins, and immunosuppressants [1]. These compounds are among probably the most usually prescribed drugs worldwide [5,6]. Acremonium chrysogenum-improved strains are.