Nter (2015), Toolik LTER (http:dx.doi.org10.6073pasta2f655c865f42136611b2605ae778d275), and Zackenberg (http:www.data.g-e-m.dk)up by Walker et al. (1989) at Toolik Lake and nearby Imnavait Creek. This monitoring was a component of your International Tundra Experiment (ITEX). Guay et al. (2014) analyzed satellite information to ascertain annual dynamics of normalized-difference vegetation index (NDVI), a measure of plant productivity, which can be also extremely correlated with aboveground biomass in arctic systems (Boelman et al. 2003; Raynolds et al. 2012). The NDVI data had been derived from the GIMMS-AVHRR occasions series, version 3 g (Pinzon and Tucker 2014), having a 0.07o (eight km) spatial resolution. We analyzed the GIMMS-3 g dataset across the years 1982014 for a 40-km (20 km radius) location surrounding the Toolik Field Station. Seasonal 
periods of NDVI trends by way of time have been consistent with the seasonal periods utilised to assess trends in air temperature (see HUHS015 custom synthesis legend for Fig. 3).Outcomes Climate trends: Arctic, North Slope of Alaska, Toolik, and Zackenberg More than the whole Arctic, the typical SAT for the past century increased by roughly 0.09 per decade; sincethe mid 1960s that rate has improved to 0.4 per decade (ACIA 2005). The North Slope of Alaska has warmed even more rapidly than the rest in the Arctic for the duration of the past couple of decades; Shulski and Wendler (2007) report a rise of extra than three over the past 60 years or 0.5 per decade. The coastal town of Barrow, some 310 km northwest from the Toolik website, has warmed significantly (p\0.01) more than the last 60 years having a temperature increase of three.1 or 0.5 per decade (Fig. 2) (Alaska Climate Study Center 2015). In contrast to the Arctic and North Slope trends, a linear trend evaluation of the Toolik datasets revealed no considerable trend (p[0.05) within the 25-year record of SAT from 1989 to 2010 (Cherry et al. 2014) or in SAT from 1989 to 2014 (Fig. 2). This inability to detect a significant trend (p[0.05) for these dates also occurred for the Barrow record for the identical brief period (Fig. 2). The lack of substantial warming can also be apparent in a closer analysis of the Toolik record for winter, spring, summer season, and fall (Fig. 3). In contrast, the Zackenberg annual air temperatures along with the summer season temperatures (Figs. 2, three) show a significant (p\0.01) warming. Schmidt et al. (2012) report that more than the 1997008 period, the measured average summer time temperature elevated significantly resulting in an increase of among 1.8 and two.7 per decade (p\0.01), whileThe Author(s) 2017. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com www.kva.seenSAmbio 2017, 46(Suppl. 1):S160Fig. three Seasonal suggests of Toolik LTER SAT 1988014 for winter (October 1 pril 30), spring (May well 1 une 15), summer (June 16 ugust 15), and fall (August 16 eptember 30). Summer data also include things like 1996014 suggests from Zackenberg (closed squares) from August 16 to September 30. Trend lines are linear regressions; only Zackenberg PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21301389 summer season trends are significant (p \ 0.01). Data sources very same as in Fig.precipitation information show no substantial trends for annual averages or for summer season months. To extend the Zackenberg climate database, Hansen et al. (2008) used information from a nearby meteorological station (established in 1958) and from elsewhere in Greenland to make a dataset and calculate a long-term improve in typical annual temperature for the period 1901005 of 1.39 (p\0.01) and for 1991005 of two.25 (p\0.01); they mention that these trends are equivalent to.