It is actually estimated that greater than one A-836339MedChemExpress A-836339 million adults within the UK are presently living with the long-term consequences of brain injuries (Headway, 2014b). Prices of ABI have improved considerably in current years, with estimated increases more than ten years ranging from 33 per cent (Headway, 2014b) to 95 per cent (HSCIC, 2012). This increase is as a consequence of various things such as improved emergency response following injury (Powell, 2004); extra cyclists interacting with heavier traffic flow; elevated participation in risky sports; and larger numbers of incredibly old individuals within the population. According to Good (2014), by far the most prevalent causes of ABI in the UK are falls (22 ?43 per cent), assaults (30 ?50 per cent) and road targeted traffic accidents (circa 25 per cent), though the latter category accounts for any disproportionate number of much more severe brain injuries; other causes of ABI contain sports injuries and domestic violence. Brain injury is additional popular amongst men than women and shows peaks at ages fifteen to thirty and over eighty (Good, 2014). International information show comparable patterns. For instance, inside the USA, the Centre for Disease Manage estimates that ABI impacts 1.7 million Americans every year; young children aged from birth to 4, older teenagers and adults aged more than sixty-five possess the highest prices of ABI, with males additional susceptible than girls across all age ranges (CDC, undated, Traumatic Brain Injury in the Usa: Truth Sheet, available on line at www.cdc.gov/ traumaticbraininjury/get_the_facts.html, accessed December 2014). There is certainly also rising awareness and concern in the USA about ABI amongst military personnel (see, e.g. Okie, 2005), with ABI prices reported to exceed onefifth of combatants (Okie, 2005; Terrio et al., 2009). Whilst this article will focus on existing UK policy and practice, the problems which it highlights are relevant to lots of national contexts.Acquired Brain Injury, Social Operate and PersonalisationIf the causes of ABI are 
wide-ranging and unevenly distributed across age and gender, the impacts of ABI are similarly diverse. Some people make a great recovery from their brain injury, while other folks are left with considerable ongoing troubles. Furthermore, as Headway (2014b) cautions, the `initial diagnosis of severity of injury isn’t a reputable indicator of long-term problems’. The potential impacts of ABI are effectively described both in (non-social perform) academic literature (e.g. Fleminger and Ponsford, 2005) and in private accounts (e.g. Crimmins, 2001; Perry, 1986). Nevertheless, provided the restricted consideration to ABI in social work literature, it is worth 10508619.2011.638589 listing a few of the typical after-effects: physical issues, cognitive issues, impairment of executive functioning, modifications to a person’s behaviour and adjustments to emotional regulation and `personality’. For many people with ABI, there will likely be no physical indicators of impairment, but some could knowledge a range of physical troubles such as `loss of co-ordination, muscle rigidity, paralysis, epilepsy, difficulty in speaking, loss of sight, smell or taste, fatigue, and sexual problems’ (Headway, 2014b), with fatigue and headaches becoming particularly frequent immediately after cognitive activity. ABI may perhaps also lead to cognitive difficulties like issues with journal.pone.0169185 memory and reduced speed of info processing by the brain. These physical and cognitive elements of ABI, while difficult for the person concerned, are relatively uncomplicated for social workers and others to conceptuali.